Marriage Attitudes among Unmarried Young Adults: The Influence of Self-Perception and Societal Pressure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-v.276Keywords:
Marriage Attitudes, Self-Perception, Societal Pressure, Unmarried IndividualsAbstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between societal pressure, self-perception, and attitudes toward marriage among unmarried young adults. It also examined gender differences in attitudes toward marriage and the significance of self-perception and perceived societal pressure in predicting attitudes toward marriage. The study hypothesized that, first, self-perception would be significantly associated with attitudes toward marriage; second, perceived societal pressure would be significantly associated with attitudes toward marriage; third, self-perception would be significantly associated with perceived societal pressure; and fourth, male and female unmarried young adults would differ significantly in self-perception, perceived societal pressure, and attitudes toward marriage. A quantitative correlational research design was used. The sample comprised 226 unmarried young adults (93 males and 133 females), aged 20–35 years, from Karachi, Pakistan. Purposive sampling was used to collect the data. Participants completed a demographic form and three standardized instruments: the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS), and Marital Attitude Scale (MAS). Data were collected through online and face-to-face surveys after informed consent. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between self-perception and attitudes toward marriage, while no significant correlation was found between perceived societal pressure and attitudes toward marriage. A very small positive correlation was observed between self-perception and perceived societal pressure. Independent-samples t-tests showed no significant gender differences in self-perception, perceived societal pressure, or attitudes toward marriage. The findings indicate that internal psychological factors have a greater influence than external social factors on marriage attitudes among unmarried young adults.
References
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
American Psychological Association. (2018). APA dictionary of psychology (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association.
American Psychological Association. (2023). APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice Hall.
Bejanyan, K., Marshall, T. C., & Ferenczi, N. (2015). Associations of collectivism with relationship commitment, passion, and mate preferences: Opposing roles of parental influence and family allocentrism. PLoS ONE, 10(2), e0117374. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117374
Braaten, E. B., & Rosén, L. A. (1998). Development and validation of the Marital Attitude Scale. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 29(3–4), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v29n03_05
Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F., & Lehman, D. R. (1996). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 141–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.141
Campos, B., Perez, O. F. R., & Guardino, C. (2016). Familism: A cultural value with implications for romantic relationship quality in U.S. Latinos. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 33(1), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407514562564
Cha, H.-G. (2019). Factors affecting the positive perception of marriage of unmarried men and women in South Korea. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(11), 4367. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.04295.5
Eastwick, P. W., & Hunt, L. L. (2014). Relational mate value: consensus and uniqueness in romantic evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(5), 728–751. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035884
Ercan, E. U., & Uçar, S. (2021). Gender roles, personality traits and expectations of women and men towards marriage. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 16(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.29329/epasr.2020.334.1
Fatima, S. S., & Shahid, A. (2025). Women's Lived Experiences in Exogamous Marriages within Syed and Non-Syed Communities. Apex Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 1-28. https://apexjss.com/index.php/AJSS/article/view/5
Hagemeyer, B., Neberich, W., Asendorpf, J. B., & Neyer, F. J. (2013). (In) Congruence of implicit and explicit communal motives predicts the quality and stability of couple relationships. Journal of Personality, 81(4), 390-402. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12016
Hussain, S. K., & Hayee, A. A. (2024). Impact of family functioning style on self-regulation and marital attitude of young adults from Pakistan. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 5(4), 242-254. https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2024(5-IV)23
Malik, A. S., Rafaqat, A., & Zafar, M. (2023). Marriage Proposals & Self-Perceived Experiences of Females for Standard or Ideal Beauty: An Exploratory Study of Pakistan. Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 10(1), 42-54. https://doi.org/10.46662/jass.v10i1.324
Mrozowicz-Wrońska, M., Janowicz, K., Soroko, E., & Adamczyk, K. (2023). Let’s talk about single men: A qualitative investigation of never married men’s experiences of singlehood. Sex Roles, 89(7), 360-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-023-01380-y
Saeed, A., & Zainab, N. (2017). Gender Role Stereotyping Of Women As Housewives In Conventional Pakistani Society. Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies, 15(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v15i1.125
Sharp, E. A., & Ganong, L. H. (2011). “I'm a loser, I'm not married, let's just all look at me”: Ever-single women's perceptions of their social environment. Journal of Family Issues, 32(7), 956–980. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10392537
Sultana, A., Zeeshan, M., & Ahmed, F. (2021). Dilemmas of singlehood in contemporary Pakistani culture: A qualitative study of unheard voices. Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies, 21(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v21i1.509
Zhang, S., & Kline, S. L. (2009). Can I make my own decision? A cross-cultural study of perceived social network influence in mate selection. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022108326192
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


