From Students’ Disruptions to Engagement: The Mediating Role of Classroom Management Strategies in Public Secondary Schools

Authors

  • Dr. Asia Zulfqar Associate Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Dr. Ekaterina Gavrishyk Assistant Professor, Institute of Languages & Linguistics, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Dr. Nadia Gilani  Assistant Professor of Education, Department of Educational Studies, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Muhammad Asghar PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/WR25.055

Keywords:

Classroom Management, Students’ Engagement, Disruptive Behaviors, Survey, Simple Linear Regression

Abstract

Classroom management is often conceptualized as the process of organizing and regulating classroom activities to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of learning. A well-managed classroom fosters student engagement and minimizes disruptions. Given the significance of this issue in secondary schools, this study aimed to explore the relationship between student engagement and disruptive behaviors, with classroom management strategies as a mediating factor in public secondary schools. A quantitative survey was conducted to collect data from secondary school teachers using a simple random sampling technique, resulting in a sample of 630 teachers. To ensure reliability and validity, existing standardized instruments were used for data collection. Data analyses were performed using SPSS, employing simple linear regression, the Sobel test, and an independent samples t-test. The findings revealed a significant relationship between student engagement and classroom management strategies. Additionally, a significant relationship was observed between students’ disruptive behaviors and classroom management strategies. Although some variability was present in the results, the overall findings indicate that effective classroom management strategies positively impact student engagement while reducing classroom disruptions. Furthermore, the study found that while male and female teachers generally employed similar strategies to engage students and minimize disruptions, their specific classroom management approaches differed.

Author Biography

  • Dr. Asia Zulfqar , Associate Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.

    Corresponding Author: [email protected]  

References

Ahmad, M. (2010). Application of classroom management strategies in the public and private sector at the school level in Pakistan. International Journal of Library and Information Science, 2(8), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.5897/ijlis.9000014

Ahmed, M., Ambreen, M., & Hussain, I. (2018). Gender Differentials Among Teachers’ Classroom Management Strategies In Pakistani Context. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 5(2), 178. https://doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v5i2.2253

Aldrup, K., Klusmann, U., Lüdtke, O., Göllner, R., & Trautwein, U. (2018). Student misbehavior and teacher well-being: Testing the mediating role of the teacher-student relationship. Learning and Instruction, 58(58), 126–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.05.006

Aloe, A. M., Amo, L. C., & Shanahan, M. E. (2013). Classroom management self-efficacy and burnout: A multivariate meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 26(1), 101-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-013-9244-0

Anitra, W. (2013). Middle School Teachers’ Perceptions of Discipline. [Unpublished PhD. Dissertation, Ohio State University].

Arbuckle, C., & Little, E. (2004). Teachers' Perceptions and Management of Disruptive Classroom Behaviour during the Middle Years (Years Five to Nine). Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology, 4, 59-70. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ815553

Bakker, A. B., Sanz Vergel, A. I., & Kuntze, J. (2015). Student engagement and performance: A weekly diary study on the role of openness. Motivation and Emotion, 39(1), 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9422-5

Banzon‐Librojo, L. A., Garabiles, M. R., & Alampay, L. P. (2017). Relations between harsh discipline from teachers, perceived teacher support, and bullying victimization among high school students. Journal of Adolescence, 57(1), 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.03.001

Blank, C., & Shavit, Y. (2016). The Association Between Student Reports of Classmates’ Disruptive Behavior and Student Achievement. AERA Open, 2(3), 233285841665392. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858416653921

Bosworth, K., & Judkins, M. (2014). Tapping Into the Power of School Climate to Prevent Bullying: One Application of Schoolwide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports. Theory into Practice, 53(4), 300–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2014.947224

Bottiani, J. H., Duran, C. A. K., Pas, E. T., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2019). Teacher stress and burnout in urban middle schools: Associations with job demands, resources, and effective classroom practices. Journal of School Psychology, 77(77), 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2019.10.002

Brophy, J. E. (1984). Teacher behavior and student achievement (No. 73). Institute for Research on Teaching, Michigan State University.

Collins, T. A., Cook, C. R., Dart, E. H., Socie, D. G., Renshaw, T. L., & Long, A. C. (2016). Improving classroom engagement among high school students with disruptive behavior: Evaluation of the class pass intervention. Psychology in the Schools, 53(2), 204-219. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21893

DeVito, M. (2016). Factors Influencing Student Engagement [Unpublished Certificate of Advanced Study Thesis, Sacred Heart University], Fairfield, CT. http://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/edl/11

Douglas, J., Moyes, D., & Douglas, A. (2016). The Impact of Disruptive Behavior in the Classroom: the student perspective. ST-6: Education excellence, 5(3), 143-51.

Doyle, W. (2013). Ecological approaches to classroom management. In Handbook of classroom management (pp. 107–136). Routledge.

Eliamani, P., Mghweno, L., & Baguma, P. (2014). Access to Guidance and Counseling Services and its Influence on School Life, Attitude towards Studies and Career Choice. African Journal of Guidance and Counseling. 1(1), 001-015.

Finn, J. D., & Rock, D. A. (1997). Academic success among students at risk for school failure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.221

Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059

Gage, N. A., & MacSuga-Gage, A. S. (2017). Salient Classroom Management Skills: Finding the Most Effective Skills to Increase Student Engagement and Decrease Disruptions. PubMed, 17(1), 13–18.

Hamre, B. K., & Pianta, R. C. (2010). Classroom environments and developmental processes: Conceptualization and measurement. In Handbook of research on schools, schooling and human development (pp. 25-41). Routledge.

Haroun, R., & O’Hanlon, C. (1997). Teachers’ Perceptions of Discipline Problems in a Jordanian Secondary School. Pastoral Care in Education, 15(2), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0122.00053

Hattie, J., & Anderman, E. M. (2013). International guide to student achievement (Vol. 711). Routledge New York, NY.

Haug, P. (2020). Inclusion in Norwegian schools: pupils’ experiences of their learning environment. Education 3-13, 48(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2019.1664406

Hopman, J. A. B., Tick, N. T., van der Ende, J., Wubbels, T., Verhulst, F. C., Maras, A., Breeman, L. D., & van Lier, P. A. C. (2018). Special education teachers’ relationships with students and self-efficacy moderate associations between classroom-level disruptive behaviors and emotional exhaustion. Teaching and Teacher Education, 75, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.06.004

Kounin, J. (1977). Discipline and Group Management. Nova Iorque: RE Krieger Publishing.

Li, P.-H., Mayer, D., & Malmberg, L.-E. (2022). Teacher well-being in the classroom: A micro-longitudinal study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 115, 103720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103720

Martin, N. K., Yin, Z., & Mayall, H. (2006). Classroom Management Training, Teaching Experience and Gender: Do These Variables Impact Teachers’ Attitudes and Beliefs toward Classroom Management Style?

Oplatka, I., & Atias, M. (2007). Gendered views of managing discipline in school and classroom. Gender and Education, 19(1), 41–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540250601087751

Rehman Ghazi, S., Shahzada, G., Tariq, M., & Qayum Khan, A. (2013). Types and Causes of Students’ Disruptive Behavior in Classroom at Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. American Journal of Educational Research, 1(9), 350–354. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-1-9-1

Reschly, A. L., & Christenson, S. L. (2022). Handbook of Research on Student Engagement. Springer.

Shaukat, S., & Iqbal, H. M. (2012). Teacher self-efficacy as a function of student engagement, instructional strategies and classroom management. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(3), 82-85. https://gcu.edu.pk/pages/gcupress/pjscp/volumes/pjscp2012july-13.pdf

Skinner, E. A., Kindermann, T. A., & Furrer, C. J. (2009). A motivational perspective on engagement and disaffection: Conceptualization and assessment of children’s behavioral and emotional participation in academic activities in the classroom. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69(3), 493–525. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164408323233

Swick, K. J. (1987). Disruptive Student Behavior in the Classroom. What Research Says to the Teacher. National Education Association Professional Library.

Ullah, H., & Arshad, H. M. (2022). Exploring effective classroom management strategies in secondary schools of Punjab. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 59(1), 76. https://prdb.pk/article/exploring-effective-classroom-management-strategies-in-secon-70

Virtanen, T. E., Lerkkanen, M.-K., Poikkeus, A.-M., & Kuorelahti, M. (2013). The relationship between classroom quality and students’ engagement in secondary school. Educational Psychology, 35(8), 963–983. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.822961

Wettstein, A., Ramseier, E., & Scherzinger, M. (2021). Class- and subject teachers’ self-efficacy and emotional stability and students’ perceptions of the teacher–student relationship, classroom management, and classroom disruptions. BMC Psychology, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00606-6

Wheldall, K., & Merrett, F. (1988). Which Classroom Behaviours do Primary School Teachers say they find most Troublesome? Educational Review, 40(1), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013191880400102

Downloads

Published

2025-02-12

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Zulfqar, A., Gavrishyk, E., Gilani, N., & Asghar, M. (2025). From Students’ Disruptions to Engagement: The Mediating Role of Classroom Management Strategies in Public Secondary Schools. The Regional Tribune, 4(1), 56-68. https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/WR25.055