Agenda Setting and Framing of Water Issue: Analyzing the Role of Press in Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/WR25.079Keywords:
Agenda Setting, Framing, Water Issue, Pakistan, Print MediaAbstract
The media shapes public opinion and covers every social problem. Investigating "News Treatment of the Social Issues and Shaping the Public Opinion: The Agenda-Setting Function and Framing of Press in Pakistan" was the primary focus of this study. The study's goals were (a) to investigate how the two daily, Dawn and Jang, covered the social issue of clean drinking water. The objectives of the study were: (a) To analyze the distribution by gender when establishing the agenda and defining the importance of the social issue. (c) To determine the scope of social topics covered by Dawn and Jang, the two daily. (d) Examining the public agenda from the media viewpoint. (e) To determine the extent to which the readership of the two daily, Dawn and Jang, has changed their perceptions. Jang Lahore and the Daily Dawn made up the population. The sample consisted of news articles about the study's social issues that appeared on the front and back pages between January 1 January 1, 2015, and December 31 December 31, 2015. Using a suitable sampling technique, a sample of 300 respondents was chosen to represent the opinions of readers of these newspapers. One tool used to gather public opinion was a questionnaire. The main finding was that, in terms of news placement, Jang Newspaper covered every topic more extensively than Dawn. The Jang Newspaper's agenda is influenced by public opinion on clean water, suggesting that both newspapers should cover all social issues, advance the public agenda, and consider agenda-setting and framing concepts when reporting.
References
Ali, S. (2010). Portrayal of Minorities in Elite English Press of Pakistan: A Study of Daily Dawn and the Nation. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 30(1), 141-156. https://pjss.bzu.edu.pk/index.php/pjss/article/view/58
Andrews, K. T., & Caren, N. (2010). Making the news: Movement organizations, media attention, and the public agenda. American sociological review, 75(6), 841-866. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122410386689
Anholt, S. (2007). What is Competitive Identity? In Competitive Identity (pp. 1-23). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Asemah, E. S., & Edegoh, L. O. (2012). Mass media agenda and conflict resolution in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. AFRREV IJAH: An international journal of arts and Humanities, 1(4), 112-129. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijah/article/view/106411
Baumgartner, F. R., & Jones, B. D. (1991). Agenda dynamics and policy subsystems. The Journal of Politics, 53(4), 1044–1074. https://doi.org/10.2307/2131866
Bhat, Z. H. (2015). An Analysis of ‘Translation for Urdu Media’. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(3).
Gandy Jr, O. H., & Li, Z. (2005). Framing comparative risk: A preliminary analysis. The Howard Journal of Communications, 16(2), 71-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646170590948956
Garton, L., Haythornthwaite, C., & Wellman, B. (1997). Studying online social networks. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 3(1), JCMC313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00062.x
Harbert, S. (2010). Agenda setting and framing in hurricane like news (Doctoral dissertation, Gonzaga University).
Iyengar, S. (1992). How Television News Affects Voters: From Setting Agendas to DefiningStandards. Notre Dame JL Ethics & Pub.Pol’y, 6.
Iyengar, S., & Simon, A. (1993). News coverage of the Gulf crisis and public opinion: A study of agenda setting, priming, and framing. Communication Research, 20(3), 365–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365093020003002
Kee, C. P., Salman, A., Nie, K. S., Yaakop, M. R. M., Adisa, R. M., &Hoong, O. C. (2017). The agenda setting function of English newspapers during the 13th general election. Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication, 33(2), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2017-3302-03
Kerlinger, F.N. (1966). Foundations of behavioral research. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York.
Khan, F. J., & Javed, Y. (2007). Delivering access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation in Pakistan (No. 30). Pakistan Instiute of Development Economics.
Kotler, P., & Zaltman, G. (1971). Social marketing: an approach to planned social change. Journal of Marketing, 35(3), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.2307/1249783
Lane, D. (2001). Agenda setting theory. Retrieved from Honors: Communication Capstone Spring, 2(001).
McCombs, M. (2002, June). The agenda-setting role of the mass media in the shaping of public opinion. In Mass Media Economics 2002 Conference, London School of Economics: http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/extra/McCombs.pdf
McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public opinion quarterly, 36(2), 176-187. https://doi.org/10.1086/267990
Okoro, N., & Odoemelam, C. C. (2013). Print media framing of Boko haram insurgency in Nigeria: a content analytical study of the Guardian, Daily Sun, Vanguard and This day newspapers. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(11), 86-94.
Raza, M. R., Jan, M., Sultan, K., & Aziz, F. S. (2012). Portrayal of war on terrorism in Pakistani print media exploring peace framing in daily nation and business recorder. Asian journal of social sciences & humanities, 1(4), 97-108.
Raza, S. H., &Awan, S. M. (2013). Discourse Analysis of Coverage Regarding Drone Attacks:A study of Pakistani Print Media. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 33(2), 379-388. https://pjss.bzu.edu.pk/index.php/pjss/article/view/209
Reese, S. D. (2001). Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (S. D. Reese, J. Gandy, & A. E. Grant, Eds.). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410605689
Riaz, S. (2009). The Relationship between the Public and Print Media Agendas on National Issues in Pakistan. (A Study of the Agenda Setting Role of Print Media in Pakistan), Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad. Journal of Political Studies, 16, 81. https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/english/current_pdf/Saqib-Riaz.pdf
Rosenthal, C. (2015). Reconsidering agenda setting and intermedia agenda setting from a global perspective: a cross-national comparative agenda setting test. Londres: Media@ LSE.
Russell, G. (2013). Methods of Measuring Public Opinion. College Todd Schaefer, Central Washington University.
Sadaf, A. (2011). Comparative content analysis of the coverage of English and Urdu dailies of Pakistan on the issue of judicial restoration. International Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 1(10), 263-267.
Satterthwaite, D. (1993). The impact on health of urban environments. Environment and Urbanization, 5(2), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/095624789300500208
Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. The Journal of Communication, 49(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x
Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Agenda-setting, priming, and framing revisited: Another look at cognitive effects of political communication. Mass Communication & Society, 3(2–3), 297–316. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327825mcs0323_07
Shahid, N., Zia, Z., Shahid, M., Bakhat, H. F., Anwar, S., Shah, G. M., & Ashraf, M. R. (2015). Assessing drinking water quality in Punjab, Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 24(6), 2597–2606. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/41533
Shaw, E. F. (1979). Agenda-setting and mass communication theory. Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands), 25(2), 96-105. https://doi.org/10.1177/001654927902500203
Shoemaker, P. J., Vos, T. P., & Reese, S. D. (2009). Journalists as gatekeepers. In The handbook of journalism studies (pp. 93-107). Routledge.
Wanta, W., & Wu, Y. C. (1992). Interpersonal communication and the agenda-setting process. Journalism Quarterly, 69(4), 847-855. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909206900405
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2006). Mass media research (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Yusuf, S. H., Hassan, F., Hassan, M. S., & Osman, M. N. (2013).The framing of international media on Islam and Terrorism. European Scientific Journal, 9(8), 104-121. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236406162.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
