Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): VOLUME 2022

View Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): VOLUME 2022

January-December

Published: 2022-12-31

Articles

Full Open Access
Otto Von Bismarck: The Chief Architect of Germany

Ghulam Murtaza Pitafi

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/2k22a.11105
The cultivation of a distinct cultural identity within the German Empire was achieved through a deliberate process of Germanization, targeting both Germans and racial communities. This cultural assimilation granted Germany dominance over non-Germanic languages. The transformative era witnessed comprehensive reforms that propelled Germany to a position of prominence in military, economic, and societal domains, a legacy shaped under the watchful eye of Bismarck. The impact of these shifts in power dynamics reverberated throughout Europe, only to be later revoked from Germany. Post-unification, Bismarck directed his political endeavors towards preserving European peace, demonstrating adept foreign diplomatic strategies. His successful initiatives, including alliance formations and strategic wars, earned him the title of the Iron Chancellor of Prussia. Bismarck's leadership style in domestic affairs was marked by a lack of definitive principles, navigating complexities, unresolved issues, and conflicting interests. His support for Kulturkampf intensified opposition from nationalists and liberals, complicating governance. While granting voting rights in 1863, Bismarck, perhaps misjudging the evolving Prussian landscape, inadvertently destabilized the German government. His authoritarian measures aimed at protecting monarchy and Junkers further alienated Jews, liberals, Catholics, socialists, and democratic factions. The underestimation of Prussian transformation underscored the challenges in his political decisions.
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Factors Affecting Drug Abuse among Hostelites of Twin Cities, Pakistan

Ahsan Mukhtar

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/2k22a.12502
Drug abuse commonly refers to the use of illegal drugs that have so many negative consequences, including physical, social, and psychological drugs, and it is spreading in the world like fire. Pakistan is located in South Asia with a population of about 241.5 million, comprising about 64 % youth and nearly 25% were using some form of drugs in 2011, 240 million people were using drugs while its number increased to 296 million in 2021 which means that 1 in 17 people were using drugs in the World. This study was conducted to examine the factors that influence drug abuse in university hostels of twin cities. A quantitative cross-sectional technique was used with simple random sampling in four university hostels in twin cities. The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, frequencies, and the impact of factors on dependent variables through Probit regression analysis. The results showed that the people who smoke were often moved towards drug abuse, and it is significant at 0.001(p-value), and the people with drug addict friends and smoker friends showed significant values of 0.041 and 0.002, respectively. Cannabis was the most abused drug among them, as 50% were using cannabis, and participants who were involved in extra-curricular activities or physical activities were less likely to get involved in drug abuse. There is an urgent need for policymaking to ban drugs as it is the leading cause of so many harmful activities that further impact our social, mental, and physical well-being.
12-28
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How Corporate Governance Affected the Firms’ Performance of KSE-100 Firms: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic Around the Globe

Safeer Khan, Sharif Ullah Jan

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/2k22a.13003
This study explores further the impacts of the relationship between autumntime mean sea level pressure (MSLP) over the Indian Ocean and autumntime precipitation over Tasmania. We employ a combination of cross-correlation analysis, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and covariance measures to unravel this intricate connection. Our results reveal that MSLP over the Indian Ocean significantly influences Tasmania’s autumn precipitation, particularly in the region extending from 125°E eastward and from 35°S southward. This MSLP-precipitation link is statistically significant, characterized by a Pearson’s coefficient of correlation of 0.63 (p < 0.05). In addition, we calculate the Root Mean Square Covariance (RMSC) to gauge the strength of this association. The RMSC value, calculated at 0.33, surpasses the threshold of 0.1, emphasizing a robust and significant connection between autumntime MSLP and precipitation in Tasmania. Our results emphasize that the first leading mode of SVD accounts for 84% of the variability in both MSLP over the Indian Ocean and precipitation in Tasmania. These results contribute to a more profound understanding of the factors governing autumn precipitation in Tasmania and offer valuable insights for meteorological and climate science.
29-46
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Iran-Pakistan Nexus: A Holistic Perspective on Historical Ties and Future Trajectories

Hussain Ali

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/2k22a.14204
This study explores the complex historical development of Pakistan-Iran ties, categorizing them into four separate periods from the Cold War to the present day. The alliance endured external obstacles, including sectarian terrorism and geopolitical changes like 9/11, which had a greater influence than internal issues. Nadeem, Hassan, and Zahm, prominent scholars, have thoroughly analyzed the Afghan element and its impact on bilateral relations. The paper examines the changing dynamics affected by Chinese participation in the Belt and Road Initiative, particularly focusing on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This research is motivated by the lack of a thorough analysis of the impact of Indian and Chinese involvement in Iran-Pakistan relations, especially regarding economic interests. The methodology utilizes both primary and secondary sources, with a focus on the cultural connection of the Baloch people. The report also examines potential future developments in trade between the two countries and Afghanistan's security in relation to the Iranian nuclear deal. Geopolitical, historical, and cultural connections are recognized as elements that promote similarity rather than difference. The article ends by evaluating outstanding matters such as unexplored market opportunities, border conflicts, and the necessity for efficient financial mechanisms to enhance economic collaboration.
47-53
Full Open Access
Digital Information Literacy Skills for University Librarians in Pakistan: A Proposed Framework

Asif Iqbal, Muhammad Salman

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/2k22a.15710
This study aims to establish a comprehensive Digital Information Literacy (DIL) skills model tailored for librarians across diverse Pakistani universities. Employing content analysis, the research conducted a literature review to identify contextually relevant DIL skill statements. An expert panel evaluated a draft list of DIL skills, informing the development of a research questionnaire using a Likert scale. Chief librarians from various universities constituted the study population. Out of 160 distributed questionnaires, 132 were returned and analyzed using ANOVA. The study resulted in a DIL skill model comprising fifty-six validated and ranked skill statements, categorized into five groups: Use of Personal System (PC), Digital Tools Utilization, Ability in Digital Services, Skills in Technology Applications, and Digital Innovative Technologies. The study recommends integrating these DIL skill contents into the LIS curriculum and encourages librarians in university settings to adopt the model to enhance their proficiency in digital information literacy.
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