The Unseen Effects: Assessing Zia's Socio-Economic Policies in Pakistan

Authors

  • Zahid Ahmed Assistant Professor, Faculty of Multi-disciplinary Studies, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/2k23a.24111

Keywords:

Zia-ul-Haq, Sectarianism, Extremism, Nizam-i-Mustafa, Shariah Legislation, Federal Shariah Court's Ushr Ordinance

Abstract

Most of Pakistani society is segregated by ethnicity and driven by sectarian warfare. The problem harms society economically, politically, and socially. Pakistan is plagued by religious extremism. The issue has become the toughest. Pakistani Islam was deeply ingrained, but power politics, radical militarization, and political use of Islam fostered its militant expression. Zia-ul-Haq radicalized Pakistani society to build his dictatorial dictatorship. This study investigates the multiple repercussions of Zia ul Haq's socio-economic and political developments in Pakistan, focusing on Islamization. Nizam-i-Mustafa, Shariah legislation, and the Federal Shariah Court's role in reconciling Pakistan's diverse populace are examined in the study. The paper explores how these measures affect women, ethnic groups, and the judiciary. Zia's economic initiatives, including interest-free banking, Zakat, and Ushr Ordinance, are examined for Islamicity and economic impact. The study also explores political effects, highlighting public discontent in sectarian violence-affected areas. It also investigates how extremism claims have affected Pakistan's global standing. The study illuminates how religion and politics affected Pakistan's socio-political climate during Zia ul Haq.

References

Ahmad, M. (1998). Islamization and Sectarian Violence in Pakistan. Intellectual Discourse, 6.

Arshid, M., Ejaz, M., & Ahmed, W. (2023). Social implications of the Islamisation of General Zia-ul-Haq for Pakistan. Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS). https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/4.1.6

Burki, S. (2016). The politics of misogyny: General Zia-ul-Haq’s Islamization of Pakistan’s legal system. Contemporary Justice Review, 19, 103 - 119. https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2015.1101683

Cheema, M. H. (2006). Cases and controversies: Pregnancy as proof of guilt under Pakistan's Hudood laws. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1538002

Daechsel, M. (1997). Military Islamisation in Pakistan and the spectre of colonial perceptions. Contemporary South Asia, 6, 141-160. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584939708719810

Dawn. (2010). Living in perpetual fear " Asif U, Jinnah had a dream, and we failed him. The Express Tribune.

Esposito, J. (1987). "Islam: ldeolog)' and Politics in Pakistan," in Ali Banuazizi and Myron Weiner, eds., The State, Religion and Ethnic Politics, p. 336.

Fair, C. (2015). Explaining support for sectarian terrorism in Pakistan: Piety, Maslak and sharia. Religions, 6(4), 1137-1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel6041137

Farooq, M. (2006). Rape and Hudood Ordinance: Perversions of Justice in the Name of Islam. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1525412

Halik. (2002). Religious minorities In Pakistan (vol:6).

Hassan, P., & Azfar, A. (2001). Moving Toward an Islamic Financial Regime in Pakistan. In Google Books. Islamic Legal Studies Program. https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Moving_Toward_an_Islamic_Financial_Regim.html?id=FNYkAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y

Iqbal, A. (1984). Islamization of Pakistan. IAD religio-philosophy. (Original) series. https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Islamisation_of_Pakistan.html?id=Yr6KAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y

Jafar, A. (2005). Women, islam, and the state in Pakistan. Gender Issues, 22(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-005-0009-z

Kennedy, C. H. (1990). Islamization and legal reform in Pakistan, 1979-1989. Pacific Affairs, 63(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.2307/2759814

Khan, H. (2001). Constituted and political history of Pakistan (Karachi:oxford university pres:0 S), 55.

News. (2012). from 1970 to of economic growth in 177 countries out of the world.

Rammal, H. G., & Parker, L. D. (2012). Islamic banking in Pakistan: A history of emergent accountability and regulation. Accounting History, 18(1), 5–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1032373212463269

Shah, J. (2012). Zia-Ul-Haque and the Proliferation of Religion in Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(21). https://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_21_November_2012/33.pdf

Tariq, M. M. (2011). The rise and impact of Islamic fundamentalism in Pakistan after the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan with special reference to KPK and Baluchistan. 1(1), https://tehqeeqat.org/english/articleDetails/30054

Yusuf, H. (2012). Sectarian an Violence; Pakistan's Greatest Security Threat. Norwegian peace building 'resource center.

Zaman, M. (1998). Sectarianism in Pakistan: The Radicalization of Shi‘i and Sunni Identities. Modern Asian Studies, 32, 689 - 716. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X98003217

Zaman, M. Q. (1998). Sectarianism in Pakistan: The radicalization of Shi‘i and sunni identities. Modern Asian Studies, 32(3), 689-716. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x98003217

Published

2023-12-30

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Ahmed, Z. (2023). The Unseen Effects: Assessing Zia’s Socio-Economic Policies in Pakistan. The Regional Tribune, 2(1), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/2k23a.24111