Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): SPRING 2025

(April-June)

Published: 2025-06-30

Articles

Full Open Access
Financial Deepening and Shadow Economy Transformation in Belt and Road Economies: Pathways to Inclusive Growth

Akasha Saeed, Shoaib Ghulam, Hira Idrees, Noor Fatima, Dr. Shahzad Hussain

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/SG25.082
The purpose of this paper is to examine the direction of the connection between financial deepening (FD) and shadow economy in Belt and Road Initiative economies (BRI). The financial deepening is captured via the comprehensive financial development index based on the depth, access, and efficiency of financial institutions. Whereas, the shadow economy is measured via the informal economy. The finding reveals the strong negative impact of inclusive financial development on the shadow economy in BRI countries. The results are consistent across the alternative proxies of financial deepening. These outcomes enrich modernization and inclusion theories and offer recommendations for legislatures who wish to advance the formal structured economic action and decrease informal employment, tax evasion, and unauthorized businesses in BRI countries.
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1-11
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Bridging Policy and Practice: Combating Child Marriage in Pakistan under Existing Legal Frameworks

Muhammad Arslan Abid, Dr. Tansif Ur Rehman, Tahmoor

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/SG25.085
In Pakistan, many young girls suffer from the consequences of child marriage, as it harms their rights and fundamental freedoms. The problem worsens because, despite the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929 and the Punjab Amendment Act of 2015, people still wed minor girls due to customs, various religious beliefs, and inaction within the judicial system. In this study, child marriage in Pakistan is considered a child law matter, the obstacles related to child law are discussed, and data are collected from different literature on the subject. The research proved that child marriage is against human rights and takes a toll on a girl's learning, health, and earnings, causing severe risks to her. According to this paper, a solution to eliminate child marriage and increase girls' rights in Pakistan involves strictly following existing policies, carrying out local educational programs, and thinking carefully about making improvements in policies and laws.
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12-22
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Effect of Flipped Classroom on Students’ Deep Learning in English at Secondary Level

Aqsa Saleem, Dr. Gulshan Fatima Alvi

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/SG25.084
Main theme of the study was to investigate the effect of flipped classroom students ‘deep learning in English at secondary level. Major objective of the study was to find out effect of flipped classroom strategy students’ deep learning in the subject of English at 9th grade students. The study was experimental in nature and true experimental design pretest post-test design only was used to conduct the study. All 9th graders enrolled in Govt. Girls High School Faisalabad district Faisalabad was the target population of the study which was 142. 60 students were randomly selected as random selection. Researcher administered Students’ Cognitive Engagement Test on randomly selected 60 students. The students were split into control and experimental groups using the matched-pair technique. A research Instrument, Students’ Deep Learning Test (SDLT) was developed for the collection of data. Treatment (Flipped Classroom strategies) for six weeks was given to the experimental group. After completion of treatment posttest was administrated on both experimental and control groups. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics (One-Way ANCOVA). On the basis of findings, it was concluded that flipped classroom strategies had significant effect on deep learning in English of 9^th grade students. On the basis of conclusions, it was recommended that i) educational institutions and curriculum developers should consider incorporating flipped classroom approaches into the teaching of English. The strategy has been shown to foster deep learning and improve students’ abilities to understand, summarize, and connect new knowledge with prior learning, and ii) additional studies should be conducted across different regions, subjects, and grade levels to validate the effectiveness of flipped classroom strategies and to explore long-term impacts on student learning outcomes, motivation, and academic achievement.
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23-33
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An Investigation into the Effectiveness of Icts in the Teaching of Chemistry

Fazal Wajid, Dr. Nasir Ahmad, Dr. Alam Zeb, Aftab Khan, Nool Ul Ahad Mian

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/SG25.090
Classroom Teaching strategies in the modern world have transformed from teacher-centered to student-centered. The importance of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) has increased manifold in teaching abstract sciences like Chemistry in this new era. Information and communication technologies offer students a visual representation of abstract concepts, which is not possible with traditional teaching methodologies. Therefore, this experimental study investigates the effectiveness of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on the teaching of Chemistry in secondary schools. The current study was conducted at the Government Higher Secondary School, Charbagh, in the Swat District, Pakistan. A pretest was designed, termed the 'Chemistry Achievement Test' (CAT). The population of this study consisted of 52 students of F.Sc (pre-medical). These students were assigned to two groups (experimental and control groups), each containing 26 students, based on their pretest results. Lesson plans were developed for both control and experimental groups for the specified period. Posttests were conducted after the delivery of the instructions with traditional and ICT-integrated methodologies, and the obtained data were analyzed with Standard deviation, mean, and paired sample t-test. In terms of the academic achievements of students, the results from this study confirmed that ICT-integrated teaching is more effective than traditional methods in Chemistry at the secondary level.
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34-41
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Impact of Digital Advertisements on Consumer E-Consumption Behavior

Komal Mehreen, Dr. Robina Roshan

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/SG25.091
The study investigates the evolving trends in consumer online consumption behaviors in the digital age. Its primary objective is to assess the impact of digital advertisements on consumers' e-consumption behavior, with a specific focus on the consumption values influenced by various digital advertising strategies. To explore this phenomenon, the study adopted a survey methodology, utilizing the Theory of Consumption Value as a theoretical framework. The sample consists of 1,270 students from the top six public sector universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Data was collected through a self-constructed, close-ended questionnaire. The analysis of the collected data indicates that a significant percentage of respondents engage with digital advertisements, with many reporting that they frequently encounter floating ads on social media platforms. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the majority of respondents prefer online consumption methods, citing it as the most effective way to discover the products/services they need. Additionally, a notable number of respondents indicated that their online consumption behavior is motivated by a desire for social recognition and fame among their peers.
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42-54
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AI in Private TV Broadcasting: Opportunities and challenges in Pakistani Context

Shanza Ehsan, Muhammad Rashid, Bushra Luqman

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/SG25.092
The study aims to explore the opportunities and challenges associated with the integration of Artificial Intelligence in the Private broadcasting industry of Pakistan. This qualitative research utilized semi-structured interviews with ten industry experts, selected through purposive sampling including senior and executive producers with ample experience in the field. Manual thematic analysis was performed to identify key themes related to AI's impact on the industry. The findings suggest several opportunities such as catalyzing enhanced content creation, improved audience engagement, and operational efficiency. However, significant challenges were also noted, including financial constraints, technical complexity, language barriers, ethical considerations, and lack of regulatory frameworks. This study underscores the need for strategic approaches to navigate the complexities of AI adoption in broadcasting, ultimately aiming to enhance both operational capabilities and audience experiences. Future research should consider broader geographical contexts and incorporate quantitative analyses to validate these insights further.
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55-69
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Climate Change and Interprovincial Water Conflicts in Pakistan: A Bibliometric Review of the Indus River Basin

Muhammad Mobeen, Tehmina Aziz, Farrukh Junaid Fakhar Shah, Tauqeer Ahmed Lak, Dr. Mussarat Hussain

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/SG25.097
This study systematically reviewed the existing literature on climate change and the Indus River water conflict between Punjab and Sindh provinces in Pakistan. We aimed to analyze how scholarly work on climate-induced water conflicts has evolved globally from 1991 to 2020 and to highlight research gaps in the context of intra-state disputes in Pakistan. Using comprehensive searches across multiple academic databases, we identified 115 relevant documents, including journal articles, reports, theses, books, and grey literature. Keywords such as climate change, water conflict, framework, and agent-based modelling guided the selection. We applied VOSviewer and NVIVO to generate bibliometric maps, co-occurrence networks, word frequency charts, hierarchy trees, and visual overlays to examine research trends and thematic clusters. Our results showed a significant increase in publications over the decades, driven by the adoption of computational analytics and complex systems modelling in climate conflict research. However, studies explicitly focusing on the Indus River conflict within Pakistan remain limited. This review underscores the need for more empirical and modelling-based research to inform policy and conflict resolution strategies for sustainable water governance under changing climatic conditions.
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70-88
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Gender Dynamics in Online Higher Education: Insights from Empirical Evidence

Dr. Muhammad Shoaib, Tanees Waris, Shamraiz Iqbal

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/SG25.094
The main purpose of this paper is to discover gender spaces in virtual learning environments at the tertiary level. A considerable study has been done in the global north and global south on gender spaces in virtual learning environments. This study has been conducted using qualitative and review-based studies. It portrays a widespread analysis of published research documents from various speculative contexts. This study blends findings from the past few decades to examine gender spaces and virtual learning environments in higher education. The review emphasizes that such activities serve as vital platforms for virtual learning in higher education. The analysis is based on 116 peer-reviewed research published documents retrieved from reputable digital databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, SAGE, Emerald Insight, and Springer Nature. Data collection has been continued until thematic permeation has been reached. A thematic analysis approach has been employed to present and interpret the qualitative nature of data. The study findings indicated that gender spaces shape participation in virtual learning environments in higher education. The study findings have been based on the empirical review of the published research documents on gender spaces and virtual learning environments in higher education. The study reveals that gender plays a noteworthy role in determining students' experiences, participation, and outcomes within virtual learning environments in higher education.
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89-102
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The Impact of Perfectionism and Academic Burnout among University Students: The Role of Social Support

Shama Asim, Dr. Noreena Kausar, Dr. Iram Naz

doi https://doi.org/10.63062/trt/SG25.098
With an emphasis on the role of social support, the current study attempts to investigate the relationship between university student’s academic burnout and perfectionism. High personal standards and self-criticism are main characteristics of perfectionism, have been linked to increased academic stress and burnout, which negatively impact students' mental health and academic performance. Social support, including emotional, informational, and academic assistance from peers, family, and faculty, is proposed as a protective buffer against the harmful effects of perfectionism. The research uses a cross-sectional survey design, with data collected from 300 university students through self-report questionnaires measuring the levels of perfectionism, academic burnout, and perceived social support. Correlation, t-test, and regression were used to analyze the data. The study aims to identify whether social support mitigates the relationship between perfectionism and burnout, offering insights into how universities can enhance student well-being. Findings from this research indicate that perfectionism is positively correlated with academic burnout, whereas social support is negatively correlated with perfectionism and academic burnout. Moreover, Females scored a higher level in perfectionism and its domains as compared to the male students. Results also indicate that perfectionism and social support are significantly predictive of academic burnout. Findings from this research could help to form interventions that promote adaptive perfectionism and strengthen support networks, ultimately reducing burnout and fostering a healthier academic environment.
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103-114
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Evaluating Practicality of the Volunteer Engagement Model for Emergency & Disaster Management Developed in the Context of Pakistan

Syed Kamal Abid, Dr. Muhammad Anwar ul Haq

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/SG25.100
Pakistan having a diversified geographic landscape, more frequently faces small and medium scale emergencies like urban flooding, road traffic accidents and residential or industrial fires than large scale catastrophic disasters. These frequently occurring emergencies cause sustained pressure on the under-resourced Emergency Management Services (EMS) of the country. In order to enhance community resilience and to address these recurring challenges, a context-specific Volunteer Engagement (VE) Model has been developed that integrates Community Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) with the EMS command structures, while addressing VE in all Phases of disaster management (DM) (Abid & Haq 2025). This study evaluates the practicality of the VE Model using a structured assessment conducted by 25 senior District Emergency Officers (DEOs) from Punjab. The model was tested against established practicality criteria and a six-dimensional framework assessing operational clarity, training feasibility, cultural relevance, coordination capacity, scalability, and resource demands. Results show that the model received an average score of 3.68 out of 4 (92%), placing it in the "very practical" category. High scores for participatory training, community engagement, and cultural alignment confirm the model's readiness for scaled implementation. The study concludes that the VE Model presents a viable framework for institutionalizing volunteerism in Pakistan by developing sustainable CERT-EMS coordination. The model integrates community capabilities with formal emergency and DM organization, hence adding to the resilience of the communities.
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115-125
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Digital Resilience as a Catalyst for Adaptive Performance and Stress Reduction: The Moderating Role of Learning Agility in Pakistan’s Treasury Offices

Naveed Ahmed Mahar, Dr. Syed Muneer Ahmed Shah, Abdul Majid, Zubair Ahmed Pirzada

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/SG25.101
This study explores how digital resilience (DR) influences adaptive performance (AP) and stress reduction (SR) among employees in the Treasury Offices of Sukkur and Khairpur, and whether learning agility (LA) mediates these relationships. A proportionate stratified random sample of 210 treasury clerks and supervisors completed validated scales for DR, LA, AP and technology-related stress (reverse-scored as SR). Data were analysed with SmartPLS 4, employing a two-stage approach: (1) assessment of reliability and validity; (2) 5,000-sample bootstrapped structural modelling. DR exerted significant positive effects on AP (β = 0.43, p < .001) and SR (β = 0.35, p < .001). DR also predicted LA (β = 0.58, p < .001), which, in turn, enhanced AP (β = 0.31) and SR (β = 0.27). Indirect effects confirmed partial mediation (DR → LA → AP: β = 0.18; DR → LA → SR: β = 0.16). The model explained 47 % of the variance in AP and 38 % in SR, demonstrating the combined importance of resilience and learning agility for digital public-finance work. Treasury managers should pair technical upskilling with resilience-building drills and learning-agility initiatives, such as stretch assignments and reflective debriefs, to maximise employee adaptability and minimise technostress during digital transformation. This paper extends resilience research to a South-Asian public-finance context and empirically identifies learning agility as a mechanism through which digital resilience translates into superior adaptive outcomes and lower stress.
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126-133
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The Fear Supply Chain: How the U.S. Manages Conflict to Preserve Global Dominance and Dollar Supremacy

Syed Rizwan Haider Bukhari, Imran Igra, Ipek Ipek, Khedidja Ghezal

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/SG25.102
This study is a critique of how the United States strategically engineers instability in the region as one way of ensuring international hegemony and in strengthening the dominance of the U.S dollar. Rooted in the ideological framework of controlled chaos, the analysis argues that the prolonged viability of adversarial states, including Iran, North Korea, and Russia, is not accidental or purely reactive in nature, but rather consciously manages to keep itself in a state of uncertainty in the field of insecurity. This controlled instability, the paper states, has several interconnected aims, which include spurring the profitability of the defense industry, justification of broad military deployments, maintenance of the so-called petrodollar system, and protection of the dollar as the predominant global reserve currency. Bringing together the tools of geopolitical analysis, macroeconomic data, and case studies, the study explains the systemic insecurity mechanism as the inherent component of the U.S. grand strategy, with a long-term impact on the international order, financial instability, and regional self-rule.
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134-141
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Aftermath of War on Terror in Afghanistan: Choices between Chaos and Sustainable Peace

Abbas Niaz, Dr. Muhammad Umer Hayat, Dr. Syed Aleem Gillani

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/SG25.093
On August 15, 2021, the war on terror, which had prolonged for two decades, was concluded as the Afghan Taliban took control of Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. The war on terror is perhaps regarded as one of the most controversial wars, strategically and politically defined during the 21st century. What deed was done in these twenty years is now history, but now the region has come up with a more significant concern. The concern of humanitarian crisis, the concern of political trust in Taliban leadership, and the concern of sustainable peace are some of the highlights that stakeholders seemed to be worried about. During the recent 17th Extraordinary conference of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the Secretary-General of the United Nations identified that Afghanistan today faces a humanitarian crisis. The stakeholders must take a serious note of the issue, or the region will face the highest catastrophe of the century. Will there be any peace and sustainability in Afghanistan? Would the Taliban be able to secure their trust among the public? What would be the future of the political scenario in the state? This paper tends to analyze the facts of the contemporary politics of Afghanistan. Moreover, this paper will try to identify the outcomes in terms of regional and state-level concerns while the Taliban holds the center throne. A historical overview and brief contrast of the War on Terror will be provided to understand the topic better. This paper will also evaluate the future aspect of political domains in Afghanistan.
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142-150
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Deep Fakes and Digital Ethics: Navigating the Ethical Dilemma in Portraying Political Characters through Deep Fakes and their Impact on Political Communication in Digital Media

Ghias Akram, Dr. Noman Ahmed Ansari, Qurat Ul Ain Farooq

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/SG25.096
The study aims to investigate the ethical and communication issues of deep-fake videos involving Imran Khan, Shahbaz Sharif, Maryam Nawaz Sharif, and Bilawal Bhutto Zardari on TikTok. Using qualitative techniques, forty deepfake videos were produced and evaluated to sort their main themes and review public interest. By using Postmodern Media Theory and Media Ethics Theory, the research investigates how deepfakes can change the reality of politics and raise issues with consent, truthfulness, and identity. Some main categories appeared in my analysis: satire and parody, fake political messages, altered election campaign strategies, encouraging leaders, and propaganda that spread negativity. Most of the time, fake statements focused on Khan, Sharif, and Maryam Nawaz, and they were usually hit with satire and stereotypes based on their gender. Bilawal Bhutto's views were better-balanced than those of the previous leader. People who saw the fake videos laughed, got confused, and didn't trust them, showing that deepfakes can have a bad effect on society and democracy. It points out that TikTok's personalized algorithm helps spread possibly untrue or misleading material. To protect democracies from problems caused by deep-fakes in politics, it urges people to be digitally literate, update regulations, make tech platforms more responsible, and prioritize ethical AI standards.
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151-169
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Using AI to Predict and Mitigate Green Asset Bubbles in Financial Markets

Dr. Ramla Sadiq, Dr. Farah Yasser, Fatima Nawaz

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/SG25.103
The global financial system is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the escalating urgency of climate change. AI technologies—including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing—are redefining financial processes by improving efficiency, risk assessment, and decision-making in areas such as algorithmic trading, ESG scoring, and portfolio management. Concurrently, green finance has gained momentum as capital flows increasingly align with environmental sustainability goals, leading to the proliferation of green financial instruments. This study explores the intersection of AI and green finance, with a particular focus on AI’s capacity to detect and mitigate green asset bubbles—instances where environmentally themed assets are overvalued due to speculative investment behavior. The research demonstrates that AI, through tools such as multi-scale confidence indicators and the Phillips–Shi–Yu (PSY) test, offers superior predictive accuracy over traditional econometric models by identifying complex market patterns and shifts in investor sentiment. Theoretically, the findings challenge the Efficient Market Hypothesis and expand agency and behavioral finance theories by illustrating AI’s role in reducing information asymmetry and interpreting market psychology. Practically, AI strengthens risk management frameworks, improves internal controls, and ensures more responsible allocation of sustainable capital. Policy implications include the urgent need for clear AI governance structures, explainable AI mandates, and integration of AI-based risk tools into financial regulation. Addressing concerns around algorithmic bias, privacy, and energy consumption is essential to ensure AI contributes meaningfully to both financial stability and sustainable development.
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170-190
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Spectrum of Vitriolage in Pakistan: A Gnawing Violence against Women

Asma Ashraf, Dr. Aaqib Shahzad Alvi

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/SG25.105
The aim of this qualitative study was to know the socio-cultural causative factors behind the phenomenon of acid-based attacks against women in Pakistani society. A sample of 18 respondents, i.e., female acid victims with an age range of 15-45 years, belonging to Lahore city, was taken through a purposive sampling technique amongst the patients of Depilex Smileagain Foundation, Lahore. Face-to-face narrative interviews by using an interview guide were conducted to listen to the autobiographies of the respondents. The collected data was analyzed by using thematic analysis. The findings of the study exposed that more than three-fourths of the respondents were quite young, between the ages of 21 and 45 years. More than three-fifths of the respondents were unmarried. The majority of the victims belonged to the lower middle class. Acid attacks often arise from family disputes, rejected marriage proposals, or dowry demands, typically as acts of revenge fueled by hatred or jealousy in personal relationships. The study further revealed that the majority of the victims did not receive immediate medical aid. Victims of the acid attack faced frequent changes in their later lives, and they also had psychological concerns such as nightmares, exhaustion, headaches, sleeplessness, weakness, sadness, dread of another assault or facing the world, trouble remembering and focusing, etc. Governments must enact and enforce laws against violence, especially acid attacks, ensuring victims receive free medical care and support for complete rehabilitation and recovery.
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191-204
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Peace Education in Pakistan Studies Curriculum in Teacher Education in Pakistan

Dr. Bakht Jamal, Shahzaib Shah, Mahnoor

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/SG25.104
Every society develops its curriculum based on its educational philosophy. The researcher analyzed the content of the Pakistan Studies curriculum regarding peace education in teacher education at B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary 4 years. To achieve research objectives, a qualitative research design was employed. The approved curriculum by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan in 2012 of Pakistan Studies for the 2nd semester was analyzed through a content thematic analysis process recommended by Cohen in 2018. An instrument for conceptual content thematic analysis was developed, containing 29 sub-themes in connection with the Castro and Galace Model of peace education. Experts' opinions were managed for instrument validity, while reliability was managed through the peer reliability process of experts. The curriculum containing themes regarding peace education was analyzed and subsequently elaborated. The findings reflected that peace education and its sub-themes were less focused, and concluded that some themes were missing in the curriculum. Therefore, recommended to revise the Pakistan Studies curriculum and give an equal portion to all sub-themes in the content of Pakistan Studies.
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205-219
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The Effect of Brand Experience on Brand Loyalty: Mediating Role of Brand Attachment: An Empirical Study on Apparel Industry

Rohail Jibran, Muhammad Kalim Ullah Khan, Afza Afzal, Maham Ashfaq

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/SG25.109
A positive and satisfying brand experience plays a key role in creating emotionally attachment between the customer and the brand, which increase customer loyalty with that particular brand. This research was conducted to investigate the impact of brand experience on brand loyalty with mediating role of brand attachment. Quantitative approach was used for this study. Data were collected through survey questionnaire. Data were collected from 204 respondents of apparel brands users in Pakistan. Findings of this research shows that there is significant relationship between brand experience and brand loyalty. Results also indicates that brand attachment plays a mediating role between the relationship of brand experience and brand loyalty. For marketers and managers, this framework will encourage the managers to develop that kind of products and services which makes consumption experience positive and satisfying. By providing satisfying brand experience managers will be able to emotionally attach customers with their brands which leads customer towards brand loyalty.
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220-230
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Giving Voice to the Voiceless: Women’s Political Participation and the Socio-Cultural and Infrastructural Barriers in the Newly Merged Tribal Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Dr. Muhammad Ayub Jan, Dr. Shahida Aman, Dr. Muhammad Zubair, Shahzad Ali

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/SG25.113
The merger of the former FATA region with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in 2018 has, on the one hand, opened new opportunities for elevating the socio-economic and political indicators of the Newly Merged Tribal Districts (NMTDs), which remain at the lowest levels compared to the national average, and on the other, raises questions about issues of gender equality and empowerment. This study examines how the merger of FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa addresses centuries-old inequality and disempowerment among its female population, and how such reform processes impact the position of tribal women by increasing their access to formal political spaces and processes. Using mixed methods, the study draws its findings from the primary data collected from all seven districts of NMTDs. Quantitative data for the study is collected through surveys with selected women from all the NMTDs, and qualitative data is gathered through semi-structured interviews with a range of stakeholders. This study argues that despite incremental improvements, the political participation of women in NMTDs is still limited due to the continued dominance of patriarchal norms embedded in local culture and a lack of infrastructural development due to governmental neglect. Socio-cultural and infrastructural barriers, along with a precarious security situation, still hinder women of NMTDs from getting political awareness, utilising modern means such as social media, participating in elections as candidates and voters, raising their voice, and mobilising for their cause.
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231-248

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): SPRING 2025

Articles

Financial Deepening and Shadow Economy Transformation in Belt and Road Economies: Pathways to Inclusive Growth

Bridging Policy and Practice: Combating Child Marriage in Pakistan under Existing Legal Frameworks

Effect of Flipped Classroom on Students’ Deep Learning in English at Secondary Level

An Investigation into the Effectiveness of Icts in the Teaching of Chemistry

Impact of Digital Advertisements on Consumer E-Consumption Behavior

AI in Private TV Broadcasting: Opportunities and challenges in Pakistani Context

Climate Change and Interprovincial Water Conflicts in Pakistan: A Bibliometric Review of the Indus River Basin

Gender Dynamics in Online Higher Education: Insights from Empirical Evidence

The Impact of Perfectionism and Academic Burnout among University Students: The Role of Social Support

Evaluating Practicality of the Volunteer Engagement Model for Emergency & Disaster Management Developed in the Context of Pakistan

Digital Resilience as a Catalyst for Adaptive Performance and Stress Reduction: The Moderating Role of Learning Agility in Pakistan’s Treasury Offices

The Fear Supply Chain: How the U.S. Manages Conflict to Preserve Global Dominance and Dollar Supremacy

Aftermath of War on Terror in Afghanistan: Choices between Chaos and Sustainable Peace

Deep Fakes and Digital Ethics: Navigating the Ethical Dilemma in Portraying Political Characters through Deep Fakes and their Impact on Political Communication in Digital Media

Using AI to Predict and Mitigate Green Asset Bubbles in Financial Markets

Spectrum of Vitriolage in Pakistan: A Gnawing Violence against Women

Peace Education in Pakistan Studies Curriculum in Teacher Education in Pakistan

The Effect of Brand Experience on Brand Loyalty: Mediating Role of Brand Attachment: An Empirical Study on Apparel Industry

Giving Voice to the Voiceless: Women’s Political Participation and the Socio-Cultural and Infrastructural Barriers in the Newly Merged Tribal Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

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