Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Issue 3 (March Issue)

Discipline: Social Sciences (Miscellaneous)

Published: 2026-03-30

Articles

Full Open Access
Digital Versus Print Reading in Higher Education: A Comparative Analysis of Student Comprehension in Pakistan and Turkey

Lubna Farhan Ali, Areesha Sahar, Sacida Saçaklı, Farhan Ali

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.251
Digital technologies have increasingly shifted university students from print to digital reading. This shift has attracted increasing scholarly attention, particularly in non-Western contexts. For longer, complex texts, print reading offers the advantage of deeper comprehension; on the other hand, digital reading provides accessibility, availability, and convenience of digital academic resources. However, comparative research on print vs. digital reading comprehension remains limited across different cultural contexts, particularly in Turkey and Pakistan. This study compared digital vs. print reading comprehension among university students of Pakistan and Turkey and investigated how distinct reading modes influence students' self-reported comprehension. The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional survey approach in which data were collected from N = 174 English-medium university students from Pakistan (n = 101) and Turkey (n = 73) through stratified random sampling. An online questionnaire using a five-point Print and Digital Reading Habits scale was administered. The findings demonstrated that print reading mode was significantly preferred by Turkish students for better comprehension (M = 3.75) compared to digital mode (M = 3.38, p = .007). Pakistani students showed a balanced pattern, with neither reading mode showing a statistically significant distinction. The results indicated that the effects of reading medium on comprehension ability vary across cultural and educational factors, while highlighting the need for context-dependent reading instruction in digitally transitioning institutions.
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1-16
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A Thematic Analysis of the Perspective of District Education Officers (DEOs) on the Implementation of Single National Curriculum in Punjab Public Schools

Asma Islam, Muhammad Javaid Iqbal

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.270
The Single National Curriculum (SNC) was launched as a major initiative of education reform in Pakistan in order to minimise the differences between the diverse educational systems and providing equal learning opportunities to all learners of the country. The high expectations may only be met through good planning, preparedness, provision, monitoring and support from the leadership. Most research has tended to be directed towards teachers and school leaders, with there being little focus on the views of District Education Officers (DEOs), who have a key role in implementing school policy. This study aims to discuss the views of the DEOs on the implementation of SNC in public primary schools of Punjab. Qualitative research design was used and eight DEOs were selected using purposive sampling and these were interviewed semi-structurally. Thematic analysis revealed that educational stakeholders viewed the SNC positively for promoting equality and standardization. However, significant issues were identified: inconsistent implementation quality, inadequate teacher readiness, resource shortages, infrastructure limitations, administrative hurdles, and urban-rural disparities. The findings highlight the necessity for ongoing training, robust monitoring, stakeholder awareness, and interdepartmental cooperation. Despite advancements in curriculum consistency and teaching practices, the SNC encounters challenges that require focused professional development, equitable resource distribution, and better governance for effective public school implementation. The results will be useful and valuable to the body of knowledge relating to curriculum reform and educational policy implementation in developing nations.
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17-29
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Gendered Ecological Authority in Louise Erdrich’s Tracks: A Crenshawian Intersectional Analysis

Syed Imran Hasnain, Rooh Ul Amin

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.274
Drawing on Crenshaw's (1989, 1991) intersectional approach, this article explores how Erdrich’s Tracks (1988) can be read as a question of gendered ecological authority. It is here where Fleur Pillager and Margaret Kashpaw are seen as possessing a form of cultural authority that is produced at the intersection of race, gender, and ecological custodianship, which has not been sufficiently theorized in the field so far. The research method, Belsey’s (2005) model of textual analysis, shows that the colonial attack on these women is aimed at this intersection: the sexual, ecological, and linguistic elements are attacked at the same time because they are simultaneously constituted. Findings show that Fleur's knowledge of bear-clan medicine, the nature of her relationship with Matchimanito, Margaret's warrior tradition, and Nanapush's matrilineal naming of Lulu are formal enactments of the principle that ecological sovereignty and cultural survival go hand in hand in the Anishinaabe world. The article presents an original extended intersectional approach, with the addition of ecological custodianship as a fourth analytical dimension in addition to race, gender, and class.
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30-40
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Perception of Working Women about Gender Disparity in Universities of Punjab, Pakistan

Arifa Khurshid, Dr. Haq Nawaz, Dr. Aamir Hayat

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.280
Gender disparity is a serious issue in higher education systems, which has an impact on workplace experiences and opportunities. The current study explored the perceptions of working women about gender disparity in public and private universities of Punjab, Pakistan. The research design used was quantitative approach with cross sectional design. The sample consisted of 341 respondents who were interviewed using a pre-coded interview schedule and the data were analyzed by SPSS Version 27 with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there were significant relationships between all the variables studied. The Awareness of Government Initiatives had a strong negative relationship (r = -0.726, p < 0.001) while the Working Women Behavior and Attitude towards Gender Disparity (r = 0.433, p < 0.001) and Social, Cultural and Religious Factors (r = 0.600, p < 0.001) had a significant positive relationship. In the regression model, Perception of Gender Disparity at Workplace (R² = 0.734) accounted for 73.4% of the variance. Awareness of Government Initiatives was found to be the most powerful predictor (β = -0.558, p < 0.001) followed by Social, Cultural and Religious Factors (β = 0.410, p < 0.001) and Working Women Behavior and Attitude towards Gender Disparity (β = 0.192, p < 0.001). The study results indicate that institutional awareness, workplace experiences and socio-cultural factors play a considerable role in perceptions of workplace gender disparity. The results confirm the need to raise awareness and ensure equitable practices in the workplace to foster gender inclusive universities.
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41-52
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Transformational Leadership and Job Performance in Supply Chain Managers: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement

Maria Rauf, Komal Zehra, Rukhshinda Begum

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.243
This study evaluated the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between transformational leadership and job performance among supply chain managers employed in industries across Pakistan to address a gap in the literature and provide practical implications. A cross-sectional correlational research design and purposive sampling were used to collect data from supply chain managers providing their services in several industries of Karachi and Lahore. A total of 248 supply chain managers, aged 24 to 60 years, participated in the study. All participants held at least a bachelor's degree and had a minimum of one year of managerial experience. The study administered three questionnaires: the 20-item Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (to measure transformational leadership), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (to measure work engagement), and the Self-Assessment Scale of Job Performance Scale-Shorter Version (to measure job performance). The results demonstrated significant positive relationships among transformational leadership, work engagement, and job performance. The mediation analysis indicated that work engagement partially mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and job performance as the direct effect of transformational leadership on job performance remained statistically significant. The study provides culturally relevant implications and emphasizes the need for future research to further enrich the indigenous literature.
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53-61
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Occupational Stress and Job Performance among Civil Engineers: The Mediating Role of Organizational Support

Mahmoud Abdelaziz Hussein Mohamed Ibrahim, Karim Mohamed Moustafa

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.256
Grounded in the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) Theory, the study assessed the relationship between occupational stress and job performance among civil engineers in the cultural context of Saudi Arabia to address the gap in the indigenous literature. Therefore, using a cross-sectional study design and a purposive sampling technique, civil engineers employed in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, were approached. Three instruments were used in the study: the Perceived Occupational Stress Scale (POSS), Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ), and the Perceived Organizational Support (POS) Short Version. The findings demonstrated a significant negative relationship between occupational stress and organizational support. Moreover, occupational stress also had a significant negative relationship with job performance. However, the relationship between organizational support and job performance was significantly positive. Mediation analysis demonstrated the partial mediating role of organizational support in the relationship between occupational stress and job performance. The study provided both theoretical and practical implications in the end.
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62-70
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The Mediating Role of Upward Social Comparison in the Relationship between Attitudes Regarding Digital Media Influencers and Fashion Clothing Involvement

Ayesha Muhammad Akram, Zainab Batool, Hasrat Babul

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.314
The present study addressed the gap in the indigenous literature of Pakistan by examining the relationship between attitudes regarding digital media influencers and fashion clothing involvement among youth. The study adopted a cross-sectional correlational design to evaluate the relationships between the variables at a single point in time and used a purposive sampling technique to recruit university students aged 18 to 34 years from Karachi, Gujranwala, and Quetta. Out of 280 individuals approached at universities, 214 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and completed the questionnaires. The study administered standardized questionnaires to the participants. The correlational results revealed significant relationships among the variables, whereas mediation analysis demonstrated that upward social comparison significantly mediated the relationship between attitudes regarding digital media influencers and fashion clothing involvement. More positive attitudes regarding digital media influencers were associated with greater upward social comparison, which, in turn, was associated with greater fashion clothing involvement.
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71-78
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A Study of Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Performance of Elementary-Level Students: A Quantitative Study

Dr. Shazia Bibi, Dr. Musarrat Habib, Dr. Zunaira Fatima

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.322
Socioeconomic status is defined as economic safety, educational accomplishment, and personal views of social status and social class. Socioeconomic status includes different features of a person's personal lifestyle, different opportunities and potentials, and freedoms and autonomy that make them valuable in society for spending a good life with a smooth lifestyle. In particular, there are so many factors that affect children's lifestyles, like poverty; poverty is a type of psychological and physical pressure that directly affects the human lifestyle. Socioeconomic status directly influences the child's behavior, which is the result of students' dropout rate and students’ performance. Socioeconomic status that give use the output of outcomes, including the physical and mental well-being of the students. Socioeconomic status is relevant to all areas of students' personal and professional lifestyle. This research was conducted in District Lahore. The target population of the study was all elementary school of city Lahore. The simple random sampling technique was used for the study. Through simple random sampling, the 5 schools were selected, and 150 students were selected for the study. Data were collected personally with the help of teachers. It was observed that the majority of students’ performance was not good due to socio-economic status like, homeless, poverty, mother was working women. The results clearly indicate that factors such as poverty, low income, poor living conditions, lack of education and awareness, and inaccessible basic living styles directly effects on student’s socio-economic status
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79-89
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Effective Doctoral Supervision through the Supervisee Lens: A Multidimensional Study of Public Universities in Pakistan

Kiran Khadim, Dr. Uzma Munawar

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.338
Good doctoral supervision should not only ensure the completion of the doctoral thesis but also support doctoral researchers in becoming independent, critical, ethical, and professionally connected scholars. This study explored doctoral supervisees’ perceptions of effective supervisory practices across five dimensions: Relationship Building, Quality Feedback, Explicit Communication, Accessibility and Responsiveness, and Academic Development. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 226 doctoral supervisees enrolled in four public sector universities in Southern Punjab, Pakistan through proportionate stratified random sampling. A researcher-made 29-item questionnaire was employed, demonstrating high internal consistency overall (Cronbach’s alpha = .952) and across all dimensions (.834–.895). Descriptive statistics revealed an overall positive perception of supervision (M = 3.54, SD = 0.74). Among the dimensions, Quality Feedback received the highest rating (M = 3.63, SD = 0.86), followed by Accessibility and Responsiveness (M = 3.59, SD = 0.85), Relationship Building (M = 3.52, SD = 0.86), Academic Development (M = 3.48, SD = 0.90), and Explicit Communication (M = 3.46, SD = 0.89). Particularly favourable supervisory practices included needs-responsive and timely feedback, supervisor accessibility, equitable treatment, and encouragement of original ideas. However, weaker areas included early clarification of expectations, participatory goal-setting, support for scholarly writing and networking, monitoring incremental progress, and maintaining regularity. The findings suggest that while the overall quality of supervision in the selected universities was generally good, supervisees experienced it differently. Strengthening explicit communication, expectation setting, and academic development opportunities may help shift doctoral supervision from a narrow focus on thesis completion toward a more comprehensive process of researcher formation.
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90-106
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Driving Business Performance through Green Supply Chain Management: Opportunities and Future Challenges

Hilal Saeed, Hammad Zafar, Syeda Sabahat

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.339
This paper examines how Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) contributes to improving business performance and exploring the mediation mechanisms of Just-in-Time (JIT) operational practices and Green Reputation. The paper presents the argument that a company should incorporate environmental practices in its operation systems in order to attain sustainable competitive advantage. A sample of 385 respondents who worked in supply chain, logistics and operations departments of the organizations that apply green supply chain practices were used to gather the data. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the assistance of SmartPLS and SPSS allowed testing the proposed conceptual framework to estimate both measurement and structural relations between the constructs. The outcomes indicate that the positive impact of Green Supply Chain Management on Business Performance is significant ( β=0.368, p = 0.001). Just-in-Time practices (p = 0.001) and Green Reputation are also highly affected by GSCM (0.845 and 0.811, respectively). The mediating analysis has shown that Just-in-Time is a significant mediator between GSCM and Business Performance, but the mediation of Green Reputation is not supported. The business performance (R2 = 0.739) is explained by the model (73.9) percentage.
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107-121
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Artificial Intelligence Readiness and Maintenance Performance among Critical Infrastructure Engineers: The Mediating Role of Trust in Artificial Intelligence

Karim Mohamed Moustafa, Mahmoud Abdelaziz Hussein Mohamed Ibrahim

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-vii.308
The aim of this study was to fill the gap in the existing literature by investigating the mediating effect of Trust in Artificial Intelligence on the association between Artificial Intelligence Readiness and Maintenance Performance of Critical Infrastructure Engineers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. This study utilized cross-sectional correlational research design and purposive sampling approach. Data was obtained from engineers working in the critical infrastructure industry, such as energy, transport, water, manufacturing, telecommunication, oil and gas, and public utility companies. Male and female engineers who have attained a minimum of a bachelor’s degree and at least one year of experience in their respective areas participated in this study. The standardized tools used were Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale (Wang et al., 2026), Trust in Automated Systems Survey (Jian et al., 2000) and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (Koopmans et al., 2014) modified items. Ethical standards were adhered to throughout the study in line with APA 7th edition. Of 350 targeted participants, 300 filled the questionnaire. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 29 and Hayes PROCESS Macro (Model 4). It was found from the Pearson product-moment correlation that there are significant positive associations between AI Readiness, Trust in AI, and Maintenance Performance. Mediation analysis proved that Trust in AI is a partial mediator for the relationship between AI Readiness and Maintenance Performance. There were no significant gender differences regarding Artificial Intelligence Readiness, Trust in AI, and Maintenance Performance from the independent-samples t-tests.
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122-131
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Agile Methodology Driving Project Success: An Integrative Research Review

Naveed, Rizwan Javed, Syed Ahsan Hussain, Muhammad Kashif

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.354
Organizations are facing an environment of technological change, changing requirements, competitive pressures, and rapidly changing customer expectations. In such circumstances, traditional management solutions for managing projects may fall short because they are largely based on comprehensive initial planning and sequential execution. Agile methodology provides an alternative and adaptive approach through iterative delivery, stakeholder collaboration, continuous feedback, team empowerment, and responsiveness to change. This article explores the importance of Agile methodology for project success through an integrative review of existing academic literature examining the relationship between Agile practices, project success dimensions, and organizational success. The review considered schedule and cost performance, product quality, stakeholder satisfaction, business value, team effectiveness, and organizational learning. Findings show that Agile methodology can enhance project outcomes through early value delivery, rapid identification of problems, frequent stakeholder involvement, clear communication, and ongoing improvement. These practices support better project performance and organizational agility in dynamic environments. However, the review also indicates that the mere adoption of Agile does not automatically ensure success. Effective implementation requires management support, project management capabilities, customer engagement, an appropriate organizational culture, suitable project characteristics, and a balance between flexibility and governance. The article concludes that Agile should not be treated as a fixed recipe but rather as a collective toolset and management capability that is context dependent. Organizations can combine adaptive and predictive approaches and modify Agile principles and practices to suit their specific needs, thereby achieving improved project outcomes and organizational success.
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132-143
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Role of Burnout In the Relationship Between Dimension of Abusive Supervision And Turnover Intention

Samia Meo, Ghulam Asghar, Rehana Rajput, Safdar Shah

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.373
The present study aims to investigate the role of burnout in the relationship between dimensions of abusive supervision and turnover intention. Questionnaires were filled by employees of textile industries in Karachi. In this study Structural Equation Models (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used as the statistical techniques. The results of the study revealed significant insights that all dimensions of abusive supervision significantly predict burnout and turnover intention in employees of textile industries. Findings supported the mediation model of burnout between dimensions of abusive supervision and turnover intention. Since, it is found that dimensions of abusive supervision and burnout are significant increases the turnover intention among employees it is recommended that managers of textile industries should not get involved in the abuse and maintain a respectful work environment at the workplace in order to reduce the burnout and turnover intention.
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144-153
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Institutional Trust and Satisfaction with Democracy in Bangladesh: Evidence from World Values Survey

Babar Ali, Dr. Muhammad Mushtaq, Amina Saif, Dr. Adil Zaman

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.383
Higher levels of institutional trust are usually associated with more positive evaluations of democratic performance. In this context, the current study examines how confidence in public institutions shapes democratic satisfaction in Bangladesh. This quantitative study draws on survey data from the World Values Survey (Wave-7), collected in 2018 using multistage stratified sampling (N = 1200). In addition to descriptive analysis, we used linear regression and random forest regression for data analysis. The regression analysis indicates a close association between citizens' institutional trust and satisfaction with democracy. The linear regression model demonstrates a very strong fit, as indicated by an R value of 0.955, an R² of 0.912, and an adjusted R² of 0.911. Trust in government is the strongest predictor of democratic satisfaction, followed by trust in Parliament. Trust in political parties and police is also significantly associated with democratic satisfaction. Although trust in the justice system has a positive relationship, it is not statistically significant. These outcomes indicate that citizens' evaluations of institutions are directly connected with political representation, governance, and public administration, which are particularly important in shaping their democratic satisfaction. The Random Forest regression was performed for a more meaningful analysis; however, its predictive performance remained limited. The findings of this research modestly contribute to the existing literature and provide some useful insights to policymakers.
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154-167
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Burnout, Job Satisfaction and Work-Life Balance among Psychologists in Islamabad/Rawalpindi: A Correlation Study

Eisha Younas, Tehmina Mazhar

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.399
In an era where mental health professionals are increasingly overwhelmed by the demands of their work and the challenges their clients face, understanding the factors that influence their well-being is more important than ever. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive study on the relationship between burnout, job satisfaction and work life balance of psychologists of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. It aims to study the impact of burnout on job satisfaction and then on work life balance with emphasis on identification of major trends and gender based variations. Using a cross-sectional research design, data was gathered from 200 psychologists practicing in both private and public sector in the twin cities using purposive sampling. Self-reported questionnaires, which include the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Job Satisfaction Survey and Work-life balance Scale were used. Statistical analyses, including Spearman correlation and Mann-Whitney U Test, were used to examine the relationships and differences and Kruskal-Walis Test to determine differences in variables across multiple demographic factors. The results demonstrated significant correlation between burnout, job satisfaction and work-life balance among psychologists. However, no marked gender difference noticed. The study offers valuable insights into workplace well-being and the need to have institutional solutions such as employee wellness programs, flexible work schedules and workload management strategies in reducing burnout and improving job satisfaction and work-life balance.
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168-186
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Forecasting Drought Risk and Economic Vulnerability of cash Crops in Sindh, Pakistan: A Time Series and Spatial Econometric Analysis

Amanullah Tunio, Riaz Ali Buriro, Muhammad Hanif Lakho, Habibullah Magsi

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.400
To manage agricultural risk in a proactive manner in water scarce areas, drought forecasting and spatial vulnerability assessment are crucial. Forecasting models for drought risk and economic vulnerability assessment of cash crops in Sindh, Pakistan in the present and future climate scenarios are developed in this study. To predict the SPI-6 value for 2025-2026, ARIMA time series model has been applied. Spatial econometric models (Spatial Durbin Model) accounted for spillovers between districts. Parameter uncertainties were quantified using Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations). Future impacts were estimated using climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5). Results show that the ARIMA(1,0,1) model has an AR coefficient of 0.4589 (p<0.001) with AIC of 1033.8. Moderate drought (SPI between -0.42 and -0.31) is forecast for early 2025 and 2026. Spatial lag coefficient (ρ=0.324, p<0.001) validates the presence of cross-district drought spillovers. The parameter robustness is established with the Monte Carlo simulation, and results show a parameter interval of 95% for SPI-6 between 0.067 and 0.235. Total economic losses are estimated to be 214.7 billion PKR by 2030, an increase of 63.3% under SSP2-4.5. They conclude that early warning systems and regional coordination are needed to proactively manage persistent drought risk.
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187-197
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Parental Socio-Economic Status as a Predictor of Academic Achievement and Retention among Female Higher Secondary Students in District Haripur, Pakistan

Abida Amin, Dr. Tehseen Tahir, Dr. Umbreen Ishfaq, Dr. Jan Alam

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.402
The study aims to answer two research questions in the context of one larger correlational study on educational outcomes of higher secondary level girls. They are the influence of parental socio-economic status (SES) on girls’ academic performance and girls’ retention. This positivist and quantitative study involved 300 girls sampled from six government girls’ higher secondary schools in District Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, through multi-stage sampling. The girls’ academic performance was measured by official records of Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) Abbottabad; retention was assessed by tracking girls’ progress from Grade 11 to Grade 12. The relationships of SES with girls’ academic performance and retention were studied through Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression. Hierarchical regression assessed the mediation of achievement on the relationship of SES and retention. The results showed that SES strongly predicted girls’ academic performance (R = 0.61; R² = 0.37; β = 0.61; p < 0.001) and moderately predicted girls’ retention (R = 0.49; R² = 0.24; β = 0.49; p < 0.001). With the achievement variable in the retention model, the direct effect of SES decreased from β = 0.49 to β = 0.29, and it remained significant (β = 0.41; p < 0.001), therefore, achievement partially mediated the relationship. Therefore, socio-economic disadvantage impacts retention in a direct and indirect manner, where it first impacts performance. The findings show that offering stipends and fee waivers for less privileged students will not impact retention as desired. Retention for less privileged students will require the offering of ongoing academic support and instructional interventions.
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198-209
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Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Sleep Paralysis: Moderating Role of Personality among University Students of Pakistan

Fiza Rehman, Sundus Khattak, Dr. Wardah Ishfaq

doi https://doi.org/10.55737/trt/v-iii.385
Sleep paralysis, a phenomenon characterized by temporary muscle immobility during the transition between sleep and wakefulness, is often associated with heightened stress, anxiety, and other psychological factors. This present study investigates the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep paralysis, considering personality’s moderating effects. Data was collected using purposive sampling. A total of 200 students, aged 18 to 26 completed standardized measures including the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, the Big Five Personality Test, and a subset of the Unusual Sleep Experiences Questionnaire. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between anxiety and sleep paralysis, (r = .244, p<.01) and stress and sleep paralysis (r = .161, p<.01). Additionally, agreeableness was found to significantly moderate the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep paralysis. Furthermore, chi-square test of independence showed insignificant association between genders and sleep paralysis with χ2 (3, N=200) = 2.137, p=.544. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing insights for clinicians and highlight the importance of considering both psychological distress and individual personality differences when examining sleep paralysis among young adults.
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210-218

Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Issue 3 (March Issue)

Articles

Digital Versus Print Reading in Higher Education: A Comparative Analysis of Student Comprehension in Pakistan and Turkey

A Thematic Analysis of the Perspective of District Education Officers (DEOs) on the Implementation of Single National Curriculum in Punjab Public Schools

Gendered Ecological Authority in Louise Erdrich’s Tracks: A Crenshawian Intersectional Analysis

Perception of Working Women about Gender Disparity in Universities of Punjab, Pakistan

Transformational Leadership and Job Performance in Supply Chain Managers: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement

Occupational Stress and Job Performance among Civil Engineers: The Mediating Role of Organizational Support

The Mediating Role of Upward Social Comparison in the Relationship between Attitudes Regarding Digital Media Influencers and Fashion Clothing Involvement

A Study of Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Performance of Elementary-Level Students: A Quantitative Study

Effective Doctoral Supervision through the Supervisee Lens: A Multidimensional Study of Public Universities in Pakistan

Driving Business Performance through Green Supply Chain Management: Opportunities and Future Challenges

Artificial Intelligence Readiness and Maintenance Performance among Critical Infrastructure Engineers: The Mediating Role of Trust in Artificial Intelligence

Agile Methodology Driving Project Success: An Integrative Research Review

Role of Burnout In the Relationship Between Dimension of Abusive Supervision And Turnover Intention

Institutional Trust and Satisfaction with Democracy in Bangladesh: Evidence from World Values Survey

Burnout, Job Satisfaction and Work-Life Balance among Psychologists in Islamabad/Rawalpindi: A Correlation Study

Forecasting Drought Risk and Economic Vulnerability of cash Crops in Sindh, Pakistan: A Time Series and Spatial Econometric Analysis

Parental Socio-Economic Status as a Predictor of Academic Achievement and Retention among Female Higher Secondary Students in District Haripur, Pakistan

Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Sleep Paralysis: Moderating Role of Personality among University Students of Pakistan

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